interview-prep
Pillar What it is Example tools
Metrics Numeric time-series data (CPU %, request rate, error count) Prometheus, CloudWatch, Datadog metrics, Azure Monitor
Logs Discrete event records (text or structured JSON) Loki, ELK / Elastic, CloudWatch Logs, Splunk, Datadog logs
Traces Records of a request's journey across services Jaeger, Tempo, AWS X-Ray, Datadog APM

Modern observability stacks combine all three with consistent context (request ID, trace ID) so you can pivot between them.

My notes